01.新奇事物们/NOVELTIES

[01]新奇事物们/NOVELTIES

这些刚入学的孩子们从未见过牛、猪或者说是一窝小鸡。在1900年,地球上的绝大多数人在土地上干农活为生。 This young school girl and new school boy have never seen a calf,a cow,a pig,or a brood of chicks.In 1900, most human beings on the planet worked the land;

而到了2011年,在法国及其类似国家,农民数量锐减到了国家总人口的百分之一。这可以说是从新石器时代以来人类社会最大的变更之一了。 By 2011, in France and in similar countries, the number of people working the land had been reduced to one percent of the population.This has been one of the greatest revolutions in history since the Neolithic period.

我们和新石器时代文化的紧密联系就这样突然发生了巨变。 Our cultures,which used to be tied to Pastoral practices,have suddenly changed.

当然,我们的食物仍然来源于亲爱的大地母亲。 Of course,what we eat, on the planet, still comes from the earth.

我在此处提及的孩子们的童年不再与动物们相伴,他们不再生活于同一片自然原始的土地,他们不再与这个世界保持同样的联系。他们赞美的仅仅是田园牧歌式的自然风光,那存在于他们的旅行清单之中。 The children l am introducing here no longer live in the company of animals;they no longer inhabit the same earth; they no longer have the same relation to the world. The nature they admire is merely an Arcadian nature, the nature of vacations and tourism.

但这些孩子们来自于城市。超过半数的孩子们直系祖先们曾在农田中挥洒过汗水。 They live in the city.More than half of their immediate Predecessors haunted the fields.

不过,在意识到环境问题的严重性后,这些收到过良好教育的孩子们怀着谨慎而又敬畏的心情对待自然,比我们这些不自觉且自负的成年人造成的污染和破坏要少得多。 Yet,having become aware of the environment, these prudent and respectful students pollute less than we unconscious and narcissistic adults.

他不再需要承受同样的体力劳动,他们居住的世界已经发生了质变。 They no longer endure the same physical life, no rare they living in the same numerical world.

在一个人的生命长度之内已经可以看到世界人口从二十亿增长到了七十亿。他们住在一个已经被挤得满满当当的世界了。 The world’s population, during the span of a single human life,has leapt from two to Almost seven billion human beings.They are living in a world that is packed full.

钱如意:新一代的孩子们生来就享受着良好的教育和安逸的环境,在倍加呵护和良好的教育下成长。可以说,这一代的孩子们已然几乎完全完成了人类由乡村到城市的完全过渡。(在百万年前,人类由海洋来到了陆地,如今可以说是一种新的大迁徙?)即使是生活在大山深处的孩子们,他们接触到的教育是在大城市制定出来的,这些教育以大城市为背景培养人才,召唤这孩子们走向社会走向城市。

我们谈到自然,总是讲回归自然,寻找心灵的栖息,因为我们已经完全默认自己是个彻头彻尾的城市人了!当我们走在乡间的路上,看到白鹭从水上掠过,看到夕阳染红的万里云天,看到头顶的浩瀚星空与一轮皓月发出惊叹声和当初刘姥姥进大观园又有什么两样?从城里们回归的孩子们将这一切经营到了他们的朋友圈或个人主页,乡村风光是他们城市生活的点缀与调味。

他们的预期寿命可以达到八十岁。而他们的曾祖父母在婚礼上曾宣誓的白头偕老可能也不过是需要遵守十几年就到达生命的尽头了。 Their life expectancy is now close to eighty years. Their great-grandparents, on their wedding day, had promise to be faithful to each other for perhaps a decade.

如果这一代孩子们彼此相爱走到一起,他们也将像上几辈人那样长相厮守六十五年吗?他们的家长在三十几岁左右继承遗产,而他们将会到更老的时候面临这个状况。他们的寿命、婚姻以及财产转移都与上一代人完全不同。 If he and she decide to live together, will they swear to the same fidelity for sixty-five years? Their parents received their inheritance around age thirty, while they will have to wait until old age to receive their legacy. They no longer have the same life-span, nor the same marriage, nor the same transmission of patrimony.

钱如意:在过去,人们早婚早育,一家人的标准配置便是一对夫妇赚钱抚养孩子长大直到小孩工作以及结婚生子,而后再由子孙养老,一辈子平平淡淡就过去了。但是如今一切都不同了,年轻的一代们不会选择早早地成婚,婚后生子时间也往往会与自己的事业权衡考虑。一辈子很长,路很远,有的人年少成名,有的人壮年得意,有的人大器晚成,那么他或她的伴侣,会陪伴着一辈子吗?我们赞叹相濡以沫与白头偕老,但是现实是很多人视婚姻为枷锁与牵绊!

现在有很多人宣称自己是不婚主义,也有很多人选择丁克一生。过去传统的婚姻观念早已在这个时代根基松动,未来的婚姻是多元的,是开放的。现在的物质条件允许人们不用再循规蹈矩,可以追求自己内心的想法,因此越来越多新的形式必然会涌现出来!感谢科学技术的发展让我们生命有了更多的保障!让我们有机会去整出更多的幺蛾子!我们需要做好心理准备,去接受这个多元的时代!

他们的父辈扛着钢枪心怀柔情甘愿在青春年华前往战场,为祖国的荣耀燃烧自己短暂的生命。而这些孩子,在明知自己可以还有六十几年的年华尚待享受的时候,还会依然义无反顾为祖国而献身吗? Their parents, heading off to war with a flower in their gun, often sacrificed their short life spans to their motherland.Will these children honor themselves in the same way when they have the promise of six more decades ahead of them?

钱如意:这个问题很难回答,因为不知道要为祖国的什么而献身?如何献身?如果祖国再次遭受侵犯,我想至少也不会轮到我们上战场。但作为一个军迷,如果说国家真到了危急存亡的一刻,我想我愿意投身军旅,或者用自己的知识来保护。

在过去的六十年是西方社会一个特殊时段,这个时代的孩子们没有直接或间接的机会去了解什么是战争。 For the past sixty years, an atypical period in the history of the west, none of these children has ever known war first hand, nor have their leaders or teachers.

准确来说,他们比他们的父辈受的苦难要少得多,受益于越来越有效的药物特别是镇痛药和麻醉药的研制。 Statistically speaking, they have suffered much less than their predecessors, having reaped the benefits of a medicine that has finally become efficacious, notably through the development of analgesics and anesthetics.

他们知道什么是饥饿吗?无论是伦理道德、宗教观念或者说是世俗眼光之下,都深切地关注那些无可避免的日常痛苦——诸如疾病、饥荒以及杀戮的相关探讨。 Have they known hunger? Every morality, whether religious or secular,was embodied in exercises aimed at dealing with inevitable and daily pain:sickness, famine, the cruelty of the world.

然而这些孩子不再拥有同样的身体、观念与行为,成年人们无法指望给他们任何激励与参考,哪怕仅仅是一套伦理道德也难合时宜了。 They no longer have the same body or the same behavior; adults no longer have any hope of inspiring in them even an adapted morality.

钱如意:生活在和平年代的我们只能从过去历史中了解到当年战争的残酷与惨烈,医学的发达也让我们的健康得到保障。疾病、饥荒以及杀戮这些话题我们虽然也常常能够听到,也不可避免地对这些有一种陌生感,没有切肤之痛何以感同身受?因此代沟日益加深。

这并不是说我们都忘了本,而是我们不可能永远活在过去。当老一辈为过去的峥嵘岁月泪流满面,我们心中仍然是怀着崇敬与敬重。但新的生活已经开启,过去可以缅怀,情怀不能当饭吃。在这条路上,将会有更多新的情况发生,用过去老一套的方法去对付无疑是循表夜涉而终无所用了。

如果说这一代的孩子们的出生是被计划好的,那么他们的父母绝对是稀里糊涂就降临到了这个世界。如果说一个女人拥有她的第一个孩子的平均年龄增长了十到十五岁,那么这些孩子的父母可能来自于不同的年代。 Their parents were conceived blindly, whereas their birth was programmed. Since the average age of a woman having her first child has increased by ten to fifteen years, the parents of these students come from a different generation.

超过半数的孩子们的家长都曾离异过。这些离异父母会丢下自己的孩子不管吗?他们都不再处于同一个家谱。 For more than half these children, their parents are divorced from each other . Have they left their children as well? Neither he nor she have the same genealogy.

他们的前辈们在同一个文化背景下在同一个教室和礼堂里相遇,而这些孩子生活在一个来自多元的宗教、语言、地域与习俗学生交汇的大集体之中。 Their predecessors met in classes and lecture halls that were culturally homogeneous, whereas they study in a collectivity where they mingle with students from numerous religious, languages, origins, and customs.

对于他们来说,多元文化是一种生活的常态与准则。 For them, and there their teachers, multiculturalism is the rule.

在法国,关于血统不纯正外国人的歌还能唱多久? How long will they still be able to sing, in France, of the “ impure blood” of foreigners?①

他们不再生活在同一个全球世界与人类世界。 They do not inhabit the same global world; they do not inhabit the same human world.

在他们身边,他们遇到了来自贫穷国家的移民子女,那些孩子们拥有非常重要的生活经验,那将颠覆前者的认知。 All around them, they encounter the sons and daughters of immigrants from less affluent countries, who have lived through vital experiences that are the opposite of theirs.

在此我们做一个小结:这一代的孩子们非常幸运。他们对于农村生活、家畜、夏收一无所知;他们远离兵戎,杀戮、饥荒;他们没有见到祖国建立背后那些染血的旗帜、遍地的墓碑……未曾有过深刻的苦难让他们得以意识到道德伦理的性命攸关,他们将何以去理解往日的文学与历史呢? A provisional assessment: they are fortunate. They know nothing of the rustic life, domestic animals, or the summer harvest. They have not lived through ten wars,the wounded, the starving, the motherland, bloody flags, cemeteries, or monuments to the dead. Nor have they ever experienced, through their suffering, the vital urgency of a morality. What literature or history will they be able to understand?

钱如意:未曾有过深刻的苦难让他们得以意识到道德伦理的性命攸关,他们将何以去理解往日的文学与历史呢?我认为新一代的孩子们是完全可以理解的,人类社会再经历几千年的演变,这些东西也不会失传的。

每一代人都有自己的生活,即使环境再优渥,生活总是有生活的压力,社会上也会衍生出不同时代特有的问题。每一代人有不同的压力,每一代人有不同的焦灼。人的生存需要倚靠某些信念,人类社会的秩序需要伦理道德的支撑。如果哪一天真的失去了,我们将再用血与尸骨找回。

另外,我一直认为伟大的文学作品之所以经久不衰,是因为其中的思想与人格在每一个时代都能引起共鸣,它们关注的话题是每个人人生中必然遇到的,也许是以不同的形式,但必然有一种相通性,一个好的读者完全可以拨开时空的屏障直面作者,与他进行亲切的交流。

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