11.为化名点赞／IN PRAISE OF THE NOM DE GUERRE

［11］为化名点赞／IN PRAISE OF THE NOM DE GUERRE

我这本书的主人公的名字不代表“她那一代中的某个人”或“当下的某位青少年”，这些说法是具有轻蔑意味的表达。不。 The name of my heroine does not indicate “someone of her generation” or “a teenager of today,” which a e expressions of contempt. No.

这里不存在像集合理论一样，从集合A中抽取一个元素X。拇指姑娘是独特的，作为个体、一个人存在，而非一个抽象概念。这一点值得好好说明。

There is no question here of selecting an elementxfrom a setA，as one says in set theory. Unique,Thumbelina exists as an individual, as a person, not as an abstraction. This is worth explaining.

谁还记得那种在法国及其他地区的陈旧的划分，四个学系:文学、科学、法律和医学？ Who even remembers the old division, in France and elsewhere, between the four faculties: letters, sciences, law, and medicine?

第一类歌颂自我的荣光，那个个人的“我”，蒙田笔下的人，以及历史学家、语言学家和社会学家笔下的“我们”。 The first of these sang the glories of the ego, the personal “I,” the human being of Montaigne, and of historians, linguists and sociologists.

科学学院们则通过描述、解释、计算“它”（张诗瑶：“it”表示一些无生命的事物？），进行对于普遍事物甚至是普遍规律的表述，如牛顿之于天体方程，拉瓦锡之于化合物命名。

he faculties of the sciences, in describing, explaining, and calculating theit, expressed general, even universal laws—Newton, for the equation of celestial bodies, Lavoisier, in the naming of bodies.

至于医药学和法律，在自身并没有意识到的情况下，都到达了文学或科学所无力进入的知识模式。

But medicine and law, perhaps without realizing it, have both attained a mode of knowledge that neither letters nor science were capable of accessing.

法学和医学院系们将普遍性与特殊性联系，诞生了第三主体，即拇指姑娘的祖先之一。

Uniting the general and the particular, juridical and medical faculties gave birth to a third subject, who was one of the ancestors of Thumbelina.

张诗瑶：第一第二主体是什么？后文所提的哲学的主客体吗？此处第三主体，确切地指什么？缥缈的实在而又不实在的编码形式？

首先，她的身体，直到最近，人体解剖图上依然是这样一个图谱，有关髋部、主动脉、尿道，一副抽象、类几何的、概括性图画。

First, her body. Until fairly recently, what one saw on an anatomy chart was a schema—a schema of the hip, the aorta, the urethra—an abstract, quasi-geometrical, and general drawing.

不过现在，人们可检查这个八十岁男人的髋部或那个十六岁女孩的主动脉的核磁共振成像。

Today, one can examine an MRI of the hip of this eighty-year-old man, or the aorta of that sixteen-year-old girl.

即使具有个体差异，但它们有了一种属的、定性的意义。

Even though they are individual, these images have a generic and qualitative significance.

罗马法学学者和诡辩家在研究个案时都习惯于引用此个案中的一个主语来命名它，比如盖尤斯或卡西乌斯。 Roman jurisconsults and casuists, in studying a case, were in the habit of naming it after a subject cited in the case,such as Gaius or Cassius.

这些编码了的名字, 连同笔名、化名、假名，同时在两个范畴中运行，在普遍与具体之间搭建起桥梁。也就是说，它们具有适用于双方的双重属性（或可译为：适用于彼此的复身？）。 These code names along with pen names,noms de guerre, and pseudonyms, function simultaneously on two levels, forming a bridge between the general and the particular. They are doubles, so to speak, that apply to both.

我们应该把拇指姑娘理解为一个编码代号，指代这个学生、这个病人、这个工人、这个农民、这个选民、这个路人、这个公民……当然，是匿名的，但表现了个体的。

We should understand Thumbelina to be a code name for this student, this patient, this worker, this peasant, this elector, this passerby, this citizen...anonymous, certainly, but individuated.

她不是量，不是民意调查中计数时的一票，也不是收视率统计时的一名观众，她是质，是实存。

She is not a quantity—like a voter who counts for one in opinion polls, or a TV viewer who counts for one in the Nielsen ratings—but rather a quality, an existance.

就像从前的无名士兵——其身躯长埋地下，能够通过DNA检测而被识别——现在这个无名氏就是我们时代的英雄。

Like the unknown soldier of old—whose body truly lies here and could be individuated by a DNA analysis—this anonymous person is the hero of our time.

拇指姑娘将这种匿名性编码。 Thumbelina codes this anonymity.

张诗瑶：这里提出了之后一个重要联系：普遍性与特殊性的联系——他在此详细描述了所谓在普遍和特殊之间法学和医学如何构建第三主体——也就是“anonymity”何为。关于假名，有一段维基百科需要放出： Pseudonyms 是 "part-time" names, individual's real identity, as with writers' pen names, graffiti artists' tags, resistance fighters' or terrorists' noms de guerre, and computer hackers' handles. Actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names. 供各位参考。“part-time”这个形容词需要予以更多思考，在此处的假名或无名（也是某种型的化名）是part-time的吗？

最后作者给出一个过渡——关键的过渡：无名（匿名）-编码的关系。在此处，我想以“无名”翻译 anonymity 是因为这种无个人特征（名字）的情况是不全然由个人主动完成藏匿的。但之后它又会成为一种主动的藏匿——一致性在我这里是完不成的，这也是困惑之处。