13.浮现/EMERGENCE
[13]浮现/EMERGENCE
然而此新兴之物其实并不新了。
Yet this novelty is not new.
算法思维在古希腊几何学发明之前就已出现,并在欧洲因帕斯卡和莱布尼茨又重新出现,他们发明了两种计算机,而且像拇指姑娘一样使用了假名。
Algorithmic thought arose before the invention of geometry in Greece and reemerged in Europe with Pascal and Leibniz, who invented two calculating machines and, like Thumbelina, used pseudonyms.
这一令后人敬畏,但当时审慎进行的变革,虽然没有引起哲学家注意,不过依然受到科学和文学的滋养。
Formidable, but at the time discreet, this revolution was not noticed by the philosophers, still nourished by sciences and letters.
在科学的几何形式和文学的现实性之间,这场变革带来了对于人与事物的新认知,且已在医学和法律实践中有所预见。这两个学科都将普遍性与特殊性结合,将司法和法理结合,将病患与病症结合。在此之中,我们的新兴之物浮现。
Between geometric formality of the sciences and the lived reality of letters, this revolution brought about a new cognition of things and humans which had already been foreseen in the practice of medicine and law, both of which united the universal and the particular, jurisdiction and jurisprudence, the sickness and the sick. Out of this, our own novelty emerged.
此后,有成千上万种有效方法利用了算法或程序。
Since then, thousands of efficacious methods have utilized algorithms or procedures.
莱布尼兹和帕斯卡式的文化,直接传承自早于古希腊的新月沃土,以及用阿拉伯语写作的波斯学者花拉子米,如今,它同时侵入了抽象与具体领域。
The culture of Leibniz and Pascal—a direct inheritance of the Fertile Crescent before Greece, and of al-Khwārizmī, a Persian scientist writing in Arabic—has today invaded the domain of the abstract as well as the concrete.
就像我在别处所说,文学和科学输掉了一场始于柏拉图《美诺篇》的古老战争。在《美诺篇》中,几何学家苏格拉底无法理解一个不用论证、而用程序的童奴。
Letters and sciences have lost an ancient battle that began, as I have said elsewhere, with the
Meno`,one of Plato’s dialogues, where Socrates the geometer misunderstands a young slave who, instead of making a demonstration, utilizes procedures.
我将这无名的奴仆称呼为拇指男孩:他胜过了苏格拉底。
I have named his anonymous servant Tom Thumb: he has won out over Socrates.
过了两千年,对能力的肯定推论终于归来。
After two millennia, this marks the return of the presumption of competence.
这古老程序的新近胜利基于这样一个事实,即,算法和程序都依赖编码。
The new victory of these old procedures stems from the fact that the algorithmic and the procedural both rely on codes.
所以让我们重新回到名字。
So let us return to names.
张诗瑶:Name 在这又表示什么?Tom Thumb 在格林童话中是个头小如拇指的怪胎,落入一捆草中,因为体量小而被牛一起吃到了胃里——甚至不够塞住牙缝。可能对于上传云端的我们,个体的体量亦小如他。童奴在《美诺篇》中被当做道具,以说明苏格拉底的助产术,提出“回忆说”。苏格拉底认为探究下去就会获得知识,在这个过程中他会将一直存在于自身之内的知识引发出来。如何从推定能力过渡到潜在知识,尤其是当童奴没有一个潜在的推定标准?如果假设是因为他在成为人之前已经具备并习得答案,莱布尼兹向拉图主义者提出挑战的交叉口——如前文所述的危险路口,就出现:潜在知识可能永远不能成为外显的知识!
我们亦能感受到不是在先的知识——因为云盘的庞大和相对正确令世界观不断被刷新,知识亦是,博物君的微博不就是一个很好的例子!当我们未曾读时,他所说的事物是不存在于知识中,而看过以后,我们可以随时倒退回去搜关键词。
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