> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://ins.gitbook.io/90-00-technology-and-culture/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://ins.gitbook.io/90-00-technology-and-culture/er-hu-dong-wen-ben/di-er-zhang-xue-xiao-school/11.-yi-dong-neng-li-jia-shi-yuan-yu-cheng-ke-mobility-driver-and-passengers.md).

# 11.移动能力：驾驶员与乘客／MOBILITY: DRIVER AND PASSENGERS

## ［11］移动能力：驾驶员与乘客／**MOBILITY: DRIVER AND PASSENGERS** 

中心聚焦的教室或报告厅空间像是交通工具的内部——车、火车、飞机——乘客在那儿排排坐，由驾驶员引领他们朝向知识前进。\
`The centered or focused space of the classroom or lecture hall can be likened to the inside of a vehicle—a car, a train, an airplane—where the passengers, seated in rows, allow themselves to be driven by the person piloting them to knowledge.`

不过，看看乘客们的身体：他们在座位上萎靡不振，腹部隆起，神情迷茫被动。\
`But take a look at the bodies of the passengers: they are slouched in their seats, their stomachs protruding, with vague and passive looks.`

而驾驶员则活跃而专注，背挺直，手抓紧方向盘。\
`By contrast, the driver is active and attentive, his back straight, his hands grasping the steering wheel.`

当拇指姑娘使用电脑或智能手机时，这些设备都要求一个保持警觉和活跃的驾驶员的身体，而不是一个放松、被动的乘客身体。\
`When Thumbelina uses her computer or smart phone, these devices both require the body of a driver, alert and active, and not that of a passenger, relaxed and passive.`

是需求，不是供给。\
`Demand and not supply.`

她的背是挺直的，腹部是绷紧的。\
`Her back is straight, her stomach is taut.`

把一个这样的人塞回教室，那习惯了驾驶的身体将不再能忍受乘客的被动姿势。\
`Thrust such a person back into a classroom, and her body, used to driving, will no longer tolerate the posture of a passive passenger.`

被剥夺驾驶机器后，她用其他方式去活跃和忙碌。\
`Deprived of a machine to drive, she becomes active and busy in other ways.`

扰乱一下。\
`A disturbance.`

往她手里放台电脑，她就能重新找回“身体舵手”（body-pilot）的姿势。`Put a computer in her hands, and she will reassume the gestures of the body-pilot.`

如今所剩的只有驾驶员，无他，只有运动力。\
`Today, nothing remains but drivers, nothing but motricity.`

没有观众，剧院空间满是移动着的行动者。\
`With no spectators, the space of the theater is filled with actors, who remain mobile.`

法庭中没有了法官，只有始终活跃的演讲者与雄辩家。\
`In the courtroom, there are no judges, only speakers and orators, who are constantly active.`

圣殿里没有神父；教堂里的每个人都是传道者。\
`In the sanctuary, there are no priests; in church, everyone is a preacher.`

报告厅里没有大师；每个人现在都变成了教授。而且，我们必须补充，政治舞台不再由有权势的人所占领，而是由那些曾被有权势之人所代表着行使决策权的人民所占领。\
`In the lecture hall, there are no masters; everyone has now become a professor. And, we must add, the political arena is no longer occupied by the powerful, but by the people on whose behalf the powerful used to make decisions.`

这是决策者时代的终结。\
`It is the end of the era of the decision-maker.`

王晓芬：**舍赫，拉图尔与行动者网络理论（Actor-Network Theory）**

**舍赫的理想是消弭知识的等级秩序，使之在均匀、去中心化的空间内自由移动。也就是拇指一代们通过智能手机、互联网所实现的知识获取、交流互惠、互通有无。从中或多或少能看到拉图尔的行动者网络理论的影子。在拉图尔的《重组社会:行动者网络理论介绍》中，他大量使用了“actor”这个概念，援引拉图尔自己的定义：An actor is what is made to act by many others.（Latour, 46）拉图尔使用“actor”这个词语是用来表示，当我们行动（或表演）时，其实搞不清楚到底是谁或是什么在行动（或表演），因为行动者（演员）一上场，其行动（或表演）从来就不是单独的。尽管舍赫并没有把“actor”这个名词单独拎出来作定义，但在这一节中，舍赫明确地指出“如今所剩的只有驾驶员，无他，只有运动力。没有观众，剧院空间满是移动着的行动者（actors）。……这是决策者时代的终结。”当舍赫在“小呆子”一节中说道：“我们的中小学校、学院和大学已经被书页格式化了，……肃静和顶礼膜拜。”继而追问“Is this the end of the era of actors?”时，便很容易推理得出，这里的actor应理解为“行动者”而不是“演员”或“表演者”。**